Towards selective and sensitive detection of carbon monoxide with CuO/ZnO heterojunction nanocomposite prepared by an organometallic approach
Abstract
Nanometer size p-n heterojunction has been created from CuO and ZnO anisotropic nanoparticles prepared by a one-pot organometallic approach. The method is based on the hydrolysis or oxidation of an adequate metal-organic precursors in pure octylamine. The CuO and ZnO nanostructures were dispersed in ethanol and then, mixed at different mass ratios, i.e. CuO(75%)/ZnO(25%), CuO(50%)/ZnO(50%) and CuO(25%)/ZnO(75%). Finally, the CuO and ZnO suspensions and their mixtures were deposited on miniaturized gas sensors substrates by an ink-jet printing method and heated up gradually to 550 o C in ambient air. Then, the as-prepared sensors have been exposed to CO (100 ppm), C 3 H 8 (100 ppm) and NH 3 (5 ppm) at different working temperatures (from 75 o C to 400 o C) and under 50 % of relative humidity (RH). Among all prepared sensors the one based on the mixture of CuO (75 %) and ZnO (25 %) presents a very sensitive and selective response to CO. Indeed, at the operating temperature of 165 o C, a high sensitivity towards CO was obtained (S CO =624 %). In these conditions, the sensor exhibited low sensitivity to other tested gases (K CO/C3H8 = 14.5 and K CO/NH3 = 26) but its response time was quite long (t 90 =2.3 min) and the recovery was very sluggish (t 10 > 20 min). Therefore, it was better to increase the working temperature up to 300 o C. Although the sensitivity and selectivity towards CO worsened (S CO =177%, K CO/C3H8 = 4.7 and K CO/NH3 = 9.8) the response/recovery time decreased to 50 s/4.5 min. The gas sensing performances of the CuO(75%)/ZnO(25%) composite was attributed to both high surface to volume ratio of the prepared nanostructures and the p-n heterojunction established between the CuO and ZnO nanoparticles.
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